How Is Substance Use Disorder Diagnosed
A single test cant diagnose substance use disorder. Instead, healthcare providers rely on a thorough evaluation of your medical history and behaviors surrounding substance use. They may order drug tests and evaluate prescription drug monitoring program reports.
A provider will also ask about your mental health history, as its common to have an SUD and a mental health condition.
According to the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , a person must have at least two signs in the symptoms section over 12 months to be diagnosed with substance use disorder.
Its important to remember that SUD exists on a spectrum of severity:
- Two to three signs indicate a mild substance use disorder.
- Four or five signs indicate a moderate substance use disorder.
- Six or more symptoms indicate a severe substance use disorder.
How Do Behavioral Therapies Treat Drug Addiction
Behavioral therapies help people in drug addiction treatment modify their attitudes and behaviors related to drug use. As a result, patients are able to handle stressful situations and various triggers that might cause another relapse. Behavioral therapies can also enhance the effectiveness of medications and help people remain in treatment longer.
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy seeks to help patients recognize, avoid, and cope with the situations in which they’re most likely to use drugs.
- Contingency management uses positive reinforcement such as providing rewards or privileges for remaining drugfree, for attending and participating in counseling sessions, or for taking treatment medications as prescribed.
- Motivational enhancement therapy uses strategies to make the most of people’s readiness to change their behavior and enter treatment.
- Family therapy helps people with drug use problems, as well as their families, address influences on drug use patterns and improve overall family functioning.
- Twelve-step facilitation is an individual therapy typically delivered in 12 weekly session to prepare people to become engaged in 12-step mutual support programs. 12-step programs, like Alcoholic Anonymous, are not medical treatments, but provide social and complementary support to those treatments. TSF follows the 12-step themes of acceptance, surrender, and active involvement in recovery.
Substance Use Disorder Treatment
There are a variety treatment options available to Mainers struggling with substance use disorders, including programs specializing in detox and maintenance for those experiencing opioid and opiate dependence. The diversity of treatment options reflects the varying needs of individuals, and the fact that there is no one size fits all approach to treatment.
Those who are seeking help with treatment for substance use disorders should contact a physician or treatment provider to determine which type of treatment is most appropriate for them.
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National Harm Reduction Technical Assistance Center
SAMHSA is also collaborating with CDC on their National Harm Reduction Technical Assistance Center to provide a comprehensive approach to harm reduction through syringe services programs and to improve access to prevention and intervention services to prevent infectious disease consequences of drug use. Going beyond education and technical assistance efforts related to needle exchange, SAMHSAs support of CDCs existing National Harm Reduction Technical Assistance Center will enable the Center to also address also a variety of other individual and community factors related to harm reduction, such as, for example, naloxone distribution and administration, safer sex kits, HIV and viral hepatitis testing, COVID-19 response, community stigma, and opportunities for collaboration between harm reduction and other community efforts . Through the collaboration with SAMHSA, the TA Center will support efforts to expand capacity, increase effectiveness, and strengthen the performance and accountability of harm reduction services. This will be done within a comprehensive prevention strategy at the state and community levels and will provide technical assistance and consultation services to support implementation of effective, evidence-based harm reduction programs, practices, and policies in diverse settings.
Types & Levels Of Rehab Treatment
Depending on the severity of the addiction, you or a loved one may require either 1 level of care or multiple levels to achieve long term recovery. The following are the types of rehab where therapy programs will be utilized:
- Detoxification: A medically managed detox program will help stabilize the patient and help them overcome the symptoms of withdrawal from drugs or alcohol. These programs may last a few days to weeks. Once stabilization is achieved, the patient may need an inpatient program.
- Inpatient/Residential Rehab: Inpatient and residential rehab programs are live-in solutions where patients will receive supervised treatment and structured care plans to overcome their addiction. These programs may last anywhere from a few weeks to a number of months, and may be followed by outpatient rehab. Depending on the program, patients may receive 24/7 monitoring from a licensed professional.
- Outpatient Rehab& Intensive Outpatient Programs: Outpatient programs allow users to attend therapy and receive treatment on their own time as patients do not need to be on-site or live at the facility. Treatment may occur at a substance use treatment center, community health clinic, hospital-affiliated clinic, or other facility, meeting on a regular basis. Some outpatient programs may even offer night and weekend programs which make them a favorite for those personal, family, and/or professional responsibilities that may prevent them from attending an inpatient rehab.
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Chapter 5specialized Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
Primary care clinicians need to be familiar with available treatment resources for theirpatients who have diagnosed substance abuse or dependence disorders. The clinician’sresponsibility to the patient does not end with the patient’s entry into formaltreatment rather, the physician may become a collaborative part of the treatment team,or, minimally, continue to treat the patient’s medical conditions during the specializedtreatment, encourage continuing participation in the program, and schedule followupvisits after treatment termination to monitor progress and help prevent relapse.
Types Of Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
Effective treatment for substance addiction or drug abuse comes in many forms, depending on the level of care a person requires.4There is a range of types of addiction treatment and substance use programs available. If you or a loved one is ready to get help for substance misuse, its important to find the right type of treatment for you. You should look for a program that offers individualized care which addresses all of your needs.4
Understanding the different types of substance abuse treatment programs can help you or a loved one take that important first step toward long-term sobriety and recovery.
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Treatment & Services For Substance Use Or Mental Illness
The Division of Behavioral Health has programs around the state to help individuals with substance use disorders or their mental illness. There are programs for youth, adolescents, and adults. If you or a loved one struggles with substances or have questions regarding their mental illness, you can contact a treatment program for help. They can help you get the services you or a loved one needs. The Division and its contracted programs offer services that have been proven to help individuals with mental illness and substance use struggles. Those services help to prevent crime and make communities safer, reduce emergency room visits, and prevent school dropout. Many individuals are able to keep their job or get help finding a job when they receive services.
The cost of services is based on the individual’s ability to pay. Those who have first priority for mental illness services are: individuals with a serious mental illness individuals and families in crisis individuals who are homeless and mentally ill individuals committed for treatment by the court system and children with severe emotional problems. Those who have first priority for substance use treatment are: pregnant women intravenous drug users and, certain referrals from other state agencies.
Evaluating And Screening For Patients
Like other chronic diseases, substance use disorder disrupts the healthy function of the body and increases an individuals risk of developing other health conditions. And yet, because of the stigma that is often associated with SUD, individuals may be reluctant to seek care.
Before screening begins, it is important for health care organizations to establish an environment of trust and demonstrate a non-judgmental approach recognizing SUD as a disease.
Screening tools can then be used to help identify at-risk patients and direct them to behavioral health specialists when support is needed.
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Inpatient Addiction Treatment Programs
Inpatient or residential addiction recovery treatment takes place in a facility where people stay overnight for the duration of treatment. You may choose a 28- or 30-day stay, 60-day stay or more long-term90-day stay. Program lengths and the intensity of treatment vary depending on a persons needs and may include:3
- Mutual support groups or 12-Step groups.
- Aftercare, or continuing care planning.
- Sober living housing.
Some facilities may be considered luxury, which means that they offer additional amenities, secluded locations or private rooms that traditional inpatient facilities may not offer. Amenities may include yoga, massage, alternative therapies , exercise facilities, executive services and resort-like facilities.
Luxury addiction treatment programs will generally be more expensive than standard substance abuse treatment because of the extra amenities and facilities available at their clinics. However, health insurance may still help cover the cost of alcohol or drug rehab treatment, so its important to check your insurance coverage when looking for rehabs.
Additional Required Documents For Residential Facilities
Please contact the Substance Use Disorder Compliance Unit by email at or by telephone at 512-438-4328 regarding physical plant requirements and pre-licensure inspection information.
Note: Inspections must be current, signed, dated, and free of outstanding corrective actions.
When applying for a CDTF license for a facility with a residential program, the applicant must submit the following documents:
- Inspection by the local certified fire inspector or the State fire marshal .
- Inspection of the alarm system by the fire marshal or an inspector authorized to install and inspect such systems .
- Kitchen inspection by the local health authority or HHSC.
- Gas pipe pressure test performed by the local gas company or a licensed plumber .
- Inspection and maintenance of fire extinguishers by personnel licensed or certified to perform those duties .
- Fire alarm installation certificate which reflects installation by agents registered with the State fire marshal .
- Floor plan indicating total square footage of each room and the number and type of bed per room in which clients will sleep .
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Narcotics Anonymous
Narcotics Anonymous is a support group modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous that provides a community of support for those recovering from an addiction to drugs. Members of NA motivate each other to stay committed to sobriety and avoid falling back into patterns of abuse. Meetings typically involve individuals sharing their stories of addiction and recovery.
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SMART Recovery
SMART is a popular alternative to 12-step support groups. It teaches people in recovery how to control addictive behaviors by addressing the underlying thoughts and feelings attached to substance abuse. SMART Recovery utilizes a 4-Point Program with stages that can be completed in any order.
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Al-Anon/Nar-Anon
Al-Anon and Nar-Anon are support groups for friends and family members of individuals who have an addiction to alcohol or drugs. The mission of these groups is to show loved ones that they arent alone in their struggle. Al-Anon and Nar-Anon emphasize addiction as a family illness and provide loved ones with effective coping and communication methods.
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An addiction counselors role is to provide unbiased support for individuals going through a treatment program. Counselors create an individualized plan for treatment and aftercare and conduct one-on-one or group therapy sessions.
Break free from addiction.
What Can I Do To Prevent Opioid And Substance Use Disorder
- Dont share your medications or use someone elses.
- Ask your doctor about alternative pain treatment options. Refer to our conversation starter above or use this checklist provided by the Food and Drug Administration for questions to bring with you and ask your provider before taking opioids.
- Stop taking opioids if you dont need them. Opioids can become addictive in as little as 5 days.
- Turn in your old medications. View this map to find a location with a drug disposal kiosk near you.
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Samhsa’s Current And Future Support For Harm Reduction
SAMHSA has awarded 25 grants for the first-ever SAMHSA Harm Reduction grant program. This funding, authorized by the American Rescue Plan, will help increase access to a range of community harm reduction services and support harm reduction service providers as they work to help prevent overdose deaths and reduce health risks often associated with drug use. SAMHSA accepted applications from State, local, Tribal, and territorial governments, Tribal organizations, non-profit community-based organizations, and primary and behavioral health organizations.
SAMHSA will distribute $10 million between 2022-2025. Grant recipients receiving federal funding must adhere to applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and other requirements as specified in federal grant terms and conditions of award. Other SAMHSA grants may also support harm reduction activities . The following harm reduction services/supplies are allowable costs that may be covered with certain SAMHSA funds:
*The Harm Reduction grant program is authorized under Section 2706 of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which is not subject to the same syringe funding restrictions as other federal grants. Syringes to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases are allowed for purchase with grant funds authorized by ARPA for SAMHSA Harm Reduction programs.
Contact Gateway Foundation For Substance Use Treatment Today
Gateway Foundation is proud to offer substance use treatment centers throughout Illinois. Find the closest treatment facility if you or a loved one is struggling with addiction.
Dont let overcoming a disease like addiction overwhelm you. Contact us today and begin building your recovery community by calling 877.381.6538.
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Intensive Outpatient Drug Treatment Programs
Intensive outpatient drug treatment programs are a type of outpatient substance abuse treatment for people that require more structure and support than a typical outpatient treatment program may offer.5 It may also be an appropriate level of care for a person stepping down from inpatient treatment. Typically, a person may be required to attend treatment for 9 to 19 hours per week.5
Intensive outpatient drug abuse programs often address the psychological, psychiatric and medical needs of a person.5 Additional services may include:2, 3, 5
- Individual and group counseling.
- Various skilled treatment services, depending on the facility.
Certification Renewal And Other Uses For Form Sma
OTPs must renew their certification annually or every three years depending on the accreditation timeframe awarded.
For instructions on accessing your programs account, contact the SAMHSA OTP Extranet helpdesk:
For more information about OTP certification and opening a treatment program, contact your states OTP Compliance Officer.
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Directories Of Local Substance Abuse Treatmentsystems
The first step in understanding local resources is to collect information about thespecialized drug and alcohol treatment currently available in the community. In mostcommunities, a public or private agency regularly compiles a directory of substanceabuse treatment facilities that provides useful information about program services,eligibility criteria, cost, and staff complement and qualifications, includinglanguage proficiency. This directory may be produced by the local health department,a council on alcoholism and drug abuse, a social services organization, or volunteersin recovery. Additionally, every State has a single State-level alcohol and otherdrug authority that usually has the licensing and program review authority for alltreatment programs in the State and often publishes a statewide directory of allalcohol and drug treatment programs licensed in the State. Another resource is theNational Council on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, which provides both assessment orreferral for a sliding scale fee and distributes free information on treatmentfacilities nationally. Also, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health ServicesAdministration distributes a National Directory of Drug Abuse and AlcoholismTreatment and Prevention Programs .
The Effects Of Substance Use Disorder & Addiction
Substances like drugs and alcohol can make a significant impact on a persons overall health. Different substances cause different effects on the body, ranging from noticeable short-term effects to long-term detrimental effects. The longer a person uses a substance, the more likely these effects will remain permanent even after a person stops using.
People use substances in various ways consuming, inhaling, smoking, etc. but regardless of the method, these substances impact the brain and alter how it works. A person using drugs or alcohol can begin to have little control over their usage and experience feelings like cravings or other health effects.
Substance use is taking a toll on people in the United States. Learning the numerous health implications that can occur in alcohol and drug use can help people reach out for treatment.
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Substance Use Disorder Treatment Models
There are several evidence-based and promising approaches to treat substance use disorder . SUD treatment can be delivered in outpatient settings or as part of an intensive inpatient or residential treatment setting. Residential treatment settings vary in structure, length of program, and whether or not they contain detoxification services. Treatment programs tend to begin with intensive services, then transition to outpatient settings in order to maintain recovery.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Center for Substance Abuse Treatment identified 14 principles of intensive outpatient treatment. Several principles are adapted from the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment.
- Make treatment easily accessible.
- Utilize the client’s existing motivation.
- Build trusting and positive relationships between providers and clients.
- Prioritize retention in treatment.
- Determine and address individual treatment needs.
- Provide continuous care.
- Educate clients about substance use disorder and skills needed for recovery.
- Involve family members, employers, and significant others.
- Incorporate evidence-based strategies into treatment.
- Improve program administration capabilities.
Three of the SUD treatment models in this section focus on the content of the screening or treatment program. These include: